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1  LINK
   Invokes the OpenVMS Linker utility to link one or more
   input files into a program image and defines the execution
   characteristics of the image. For a complete description of the
   linker, including more information about the LINK command, see
   the OpenVMS Linker Utility Manual.

   Format

     LINK  file-spec [,...]
 

2  Parameters
 

file-spec

   Specifies one or more input files (wildcard characters are not
   allowed). Input files can be object modules, shareable images,
   libraries to be searched for external references or from which
   specific modules are to be included, or options files to be read
   by the linker. Separate multiple input file specifications with
   commas (,)  or plus signs (+). In either case, the linker creates
   a single image file.

   If you omit the file type in an input file specification, the
   linker supplies default file types, based on the nature of the
   input file. For object modules, the default file type is .OBJ.
 

2  Qualifiers
 

/ALPHA

   Directs the linker to produce an OpenVMS Alpha image. The default
   action, when neither /ALPHA nor /VAX is specified, is to create
   an OpenVMS VAX image on an OpenVMS VAX system and to create an
   OpenVMS Alpha image on an OpenVMS Alpha system.
 

/BPAGE

      /BPAGE[=page-size-indicator]

   Specifies the page size the linker should use when it creates the
   image sections that make up an image.


   The page-size-indicatior specifies a page size as the power of 2 
   required to create a page that size. For example, to get an 8KB 
   page size, specify the value 13 because 2**13 equals 8K. The 
   following table lists the page sizes supported by the linker with 
   the defaults:

           Page
   Value   Size      Defaults

   9       512       Default value for VAX links when the /BPAGE
           bytes     qualifier is not specified.
   13      8 KB      Default value for VAX links when the /BPAGE
                     qualifier is specified without a value.
   14      16 KB     -
   15      32 KB     -
   16      64 KB     Default value for Alpha links when /BPAGE is
                     not specified or when the /BPAGE qualifier is
                     specified without a value.
 

/BRIEF

      /MAP/BRIEF

   Directs the linker to produce a brief image map. For more
   information, see also the /MAP and /FULL qualifiers.
 

/CONTIGUOUS

      /CONTIGUOUS
      /NOCONTIGUOUS (default)

   Directs the linker to place the entire image in consecutive disk
   blocks. If sufficient contiguous space is not available on the
   output disk, the linker reports an error and terminates the link
   operation.
 

/CROSS_REFERENCE

      /MAP/CROSS_REFERENCE
      /MAP/NOCROSS_REFERENCE (default)

   Directs the linker to replace the Symbols By Name section in
   a full or default image map with the Symbol Cross-Reference
   section.
 

/DEBUG

      /DEBUG[=file-spec]
      /NODEBUG (default)

   Directs the linker to generate a debugger symbol table (DST)
   using DBG and TBT object language records and to give the
   debugger control when the image is run.

   If you specify the /DEBUG qualifier without entering a file
   specification, the OpenVMS Debugger gains control at run time.
   Requesting the OpenVMS Debugger does not affect the location of
   code within the image because the debugger is mapped into the
   process address space at run time, not at link time. See the
   OpenVMS Debugger Manual for additional information.

   If you specify the /DEBUG qualifier with a file specification,
   the user-written debugger module that the file specification
   identifies gains control at run time. The linker assumes a
   default file type of .OBJ. Requesting a user-written debugger
   module does affect the location of code within the image because
   the linker together with program code processes the debugger
   module code.
 

/DEMAND_ZERO

      /DEMAND_ZERO (default)
      /DEMAND_ZERO[=per_page] 
      /NODEMAND_ZERO

   For Alpha linking, enables demand-zero image section production
   for both executable and shareable images.

   Per-page enables the linker to perform demand-zero compression 
   on Alpha images on a per-page basis. If this keyword is not used, 
   the linker performs demand-zero compression on an image-section 
   basis only.


/DSF

      /DSF[=file-spec]
      /NODSF (default)

   For Alpha linking, directs the linker to create a file called a
   debug symbol file (DSF) for use by the OpenVMS Debugger or the
   OpenVMS Alpha System-Code Debugger.
 
   The file-spec specifies the character string you want the linker 
   to use as the name of the debug symbol file.  If you do not include 
   a file type in the character string, the linker appends the .DSF 
   file type to the file name.

   If you specify the /DSF qualifier without the file specification, 
   the linker creates a debug symbol file with the file name of the 
   first input file and the default file type .DSF.  If you append the 
   /DSF qualifier to one of the input file specifications, the linker 
   creates a debug symbol file with the file name of the file to which 
   the qualifier is appended and with the default file type .DSF.

   The OpenVMS Debugger (whether you use it in System-Code Debugger 
   mode or user mode) requires that the name of the DSF file be the 
   same as the name of the image file, except that the file extension 
   is .DSF.  If you use an /EXECUTABLE or /SHAREABLE qualifier and a 
   file name with the LINK command, you must also include the same file
   name with the /DSF qualifier. (You must use the .DSF file type.)

                                                                             
/EXECUTABLE

      /EXECUTABLE[=file-spec] (default)
      /NOEXECUTABLE

   Directs the linker to create an executable image, as opposed to a
   shareable image or a system image.

   The file-spec specifies the character string you want the linker to 
   use as the name of the image file that the link operation produces. 
   If you do not specify a file type in the character string, the 
   linker assigns the .EXE file type by default.

   If you do not specify a file name with the /EXECUTABLE qualifier,
   the linker creates an executable image with the file name of
   the first input file. If you append the /EXECUTABLE qualifier
   to an input file specification, the linker creates an executable
   image with the file name of the file to which the qualifier is
   appended.
 

/FULL

      /MAP/FULL 

   Directs the linker to create a full image map file.

   For more information, see also the /MAP, /CROSS_REFERENCE, and
   /BRIEF qualifiers.
 

/GST

      /GST (default)
      /NOGST

   For Alpha linking, directs the linker to include in the global
   symbol table (GST) of a shareable image those symbols that have
   been declared as universal symbols in a symbol vector.
 

/HEADER

   When specified with the /SYSTEM qualifier, directs the linker to
   include an image header in a system image.
 

/INCLUDE

      library-name/INCLUDE=(module-name[,...])

   Identifies the input file specification to which it is appended
   as a library file and directs the linker to include in the link
   operation the module or modules specified as the value of the
   qualifier.

   The library-name specifies the name of the library from which 
   you want a module or modules to be extracted.  The file name 
   must specify a library file.  The linker assumes the default file 
   type of .OLB.

   The module-name specifies the module or modules that you want to 
   extract from the library. To specify more than one module, enclose 
   the list in parentheses and separate the module names with commas.
 

/INFORMATIONALS

      /INFORMATIONALS (default)
      /NOINFORMATIONALS

   Directs the linker to output informational messages produced by a
   link operation.
 

/LIBRARY

      library-name/LIBRARY

   Identifies the input file specification to which it is appended
   as a library file and directs the linker to process the library's
   name table as part of its symbol resolution processing. When the
   linker finds in the library the definition of a symbol referenced
   in a previously processed input file, the linker includes from
   the library the module in which the symbol is defined.
 
   The library-name specifies the name of the library to be included 
   in the link operation.  You must specify a library file name. The 
   linker assumes the default file type of .OLB.



/MAP

      /MAP[=file-spec] (default in batch mode)
      /NOMAP (default in interactive mode)

   Directs the linker to create an image map file. For more
   information, see also the /BRIEF, /CROSS_REFERENCE, and /FULL
   qualifiers.

   If you enter a file specification with the /MAP qualifier, the
   linker creates an image map file with that file name. If you do
   not enter a file type after the file name, the linker assumes a
   file type of .MAP.

   If you do not enter a file specification with the /MAP qualifier,
   the linker creates an image map file with the file name of the
   first input file specified on the command line and the file type
   .MAP. (If no input files are specified on the command line, the
   linker names the map file .MAP.)

   If you append the /MAP qualifier to one of the input file
   specifications, the linker creates an image map file with the
   file name of the file to which the qualifier is appended, using
   the .MAP file type.
 

/NATIVE_ONLY

      /NATIVE_ONLY (default)
      /NONATIVE_ONLY 

   For Alpha linking, prevents the linker from passing along
   procedure signature block (PSB) information in special fix-ups
   to the image activator. The image activator uses this information
   to build jackets so that native OpenVMS Alpha images can call
   translated OpenVMS VAX images. Note that this qualifier does not
   prevent incoming calls from translated OpenVMS VAX images.
 

/OPTIONS

      options-file-name/OPTIONS

   Identifies the input file specification to which it is appended
   as a linker options file.
 
   The options-file-name is the file specification of a linker 
   options file.  The linker assumes the file type .OPT by default.

   

/P0IMAGE

   Directs the linker to place an executable image entirely in P0
   address space. When the /P0IMAGE qualifier is specified, the user
   stack and OpenVMS RMS buffers, which usually reside in P1 space,
   are placed in P0 space by the image activator.
 

/PROTECT

      /PROTECT
      /NOPROTECT (default)

   Directs the linker to protect an entire shareable image from
   user-mode write access and supervisor-mode write access. Must be
   specified with the /SHAREABLE qualifier.
 

/REPLACE

      /REPLACE (default)
      /NOREPLACE

   For Alpha linking, specifies that the linker should perform
   certain optimizations to improve the performance of the resultant
   image when instructed by the compiler.
 

/SECTION_BINDING

      /SECTION_BINDING=(CODE,DATA)
      /NOSECTION_BINDING (default)

   For Alpha linking, directs the linker to create an image that can
   be installed as a resident image and to flag coding practices in
   the image that would prevent this.
 
   CODE prevents the linker from replacing the Jump to Subroutine 
   (JSR) instruction sequence with the more efficient Branch to 
   Subroutine (BSR) instruction sequence when the target of the 
   branch crosses an image section boundary.

   DATA directs the linker to check for address calculations that 
   create dependencies on the layout of data image sections. The 
   linker reports such occurrences.

   When the /SECTION_BINDING qualifier is specified without either 
   the CODE or DATA keyword, the linker performs both types of 
   checking by default.

/SELECTIVE_SEARCH

      input-file-name/SELECTIVE_SEARCH

   When you append this qualifier to an input file specification,
   the linker processes only those symbols in the input file that
   are referenced by previously processed input files.

   The input-file-name is the name of the input file you want 
   included in the link operation. The /SELECTIVE_SEARCH qualifier 
   works only with object modules and shareable images. This 
   qualifier is illegal with library files. (To process the modules 
   in a library selectively, specify the /SELECTIVE_SEARCH qualifier 
   when inserting the files into the library. For more information, 
   see the OpenVMS Command Definition, Librarian, and Message 
   Utilities Manual.)


/SHAREABLE

      /SHAREABLE[=file-spec]
      shareable-image-file-name/SHAREABLE

   When specified anywhere on the link command line, the /SHAREABLE
   qualifier directs the linker to create a shareable image. When
   you append the /SHAREABLE qualifier to a file specification in
   a linker options file, the system identifies the input file as a
   shareable image.

   When you use the /SHAREABLE qualifier to create a shareable
   image, the file-spec specifies the name you want the linker
   to assign to the shareable image being created. If you do not
   include a file specification, the linker assigns the shareable
   image the name of the file to which you append the /SHAREABLE
   qualifier in the LINK command line. If you do not append the
   /SHAREABLE qualifier to an input file specification, the linker
   assigns to the shareable image the name of the first input file
   specified on the command line using the extension .EXE.

   If you designate a file name but omit the file type, the linker
   assigns the shareable image the file type .EXE.
 
   The shareable-image-file-name specifies the name of a shareable 
   image.   Note that you can use the /SHAREABLE qualifier to 
   identify a shareable image only in a linker options file. It is 
   illegal to include a shareable image in a link operation by 
   specifying it on the LINK command line.


/SYMBOL_TABLE

      /SYMBOL_TABLE[=file-spec]
      /NOSYMBOL_TABLE (default)

   Directs the linker to create a symbol table file.

   The file-spec specifies the character string you want the linker
   to use as the name of the symbol table file. If you do not
   include a file type in the character string, the linker appends
   the .STB file type to the file name.

   If you specify the /SYMBOL_TABLE qualifier without the file
   specification, the linker creates a symbol table file with the
   file name of the first input file and the default file type .STB.
   If you append the /SYMBOL_TABLE qualifier to one of the input
   file specifications, the linker creates a symbol table file with
   the file name of the file to which the qualifier is appended,
   with the default file type .STB.
 

/SYSEXE

      /SYSEXE[=[NO]SELECTIVE]
      /NOSYSEXE (default)

   For Alpha linking, directs the linker to process the system
   shareable image, SYS$BASE_IMAGE.EXE, in a link operation. The
   linker looks for SYS$BASE_IMAGE.EXE in the directory that the
   logical name ALPHA$LOADABLE_IMAGES points to.

   When you specify the SELECTIVE keyword, the linker processes the
   SYS$BASE_IMAGE.EXE file selectively, including only those symbols
   from the global symbol table of the SYS$BASE_IMAGE.EXE file
   that were referenced by input files previously processed in the
   link operation. When you specify the /SYSEXE qualifier without a
   keyword, the linker processes the executive image selectively.

   When you specify the NOSELECTIVE keyword, the linker includes all
   the symbols from the SYS$BASE_IMAGE.EXE global symbol table in
   the link operation.

   When you specify the /SYSEXE qualifier without a keyword, the
   linker processes the executive image selectively.
 

/SYSLIB

      /SYSLIB (default)
      /NOSYSLIB

   Directs the linker to process the default system shareable image
   library, IMAGELIB.OLB, and the default system object module
   library, STARLET.OLB, to resolve symbolic references that remain
   undefined after all specified input files and any default user
   libraries have been processed.
 

/SYSSHR

      /SYSSHR (default)
      /NOSYSSHR

   Directs the linker to process the default system shareable image
   library (IMAGELIB.OLB) to resolve symbolic references that remain
   undefined after all specified input files and any user libraries
   have been processed.
 

/SYSTEM

      /SYSTEM[=base-address]

   Directs the linker to create a system image and optionally allows
   you to specify the address at which the image should be loaded
   into memory. A system image cannot be activated with the RUN
   command; it must be bootstrapped or otherwise loaded into memory.

   The base-address specifies the address at which the image is to 
   be loaded in virtual memory. You can specify a base address in 
   hexadecimal (%X), octal (%O), or decimal (%D) format. The default 
   base address is %X80000000.

   Note that if you specify the /HEADER qualifier, the linker
   adjusts the base address to the next highest page boundary if it
   is not already a page boundary. The next highest page boundary is
   the smallest number that is greater than the value specified in
   the base-address parameter and that is divisible by the default
   page size (which is architecture-specific) or the page size
   specified using the /BPAGE qualifier.
 

/THREADS_ENABLE

      /THREADS_ENABLE[=(MULTIPLE_KERNEL_THREADS,UPCALLS)]) 
      /NOTHREADS_ENABLE (default)

   Kernel threads allow a multithreaded application to have a 
   thread executing on every CPU in a multiprocessor system. The 
   /THREADS_ENABLE qualifier allows you to turn kernel threads
   on and off on a per-image basis.

   When you specify this qualifier, the OpenVMS linker sets the 
   appropriate bits in the image header of the image being linked.  
   These bits control the following:

   o Whether the image is allowed to enter a multiple kernel threads
     environment
   o Whether the image can receive upcalls from the OpenVMS scheduler

   On Alpha systems, the MULTIPLE_KERNEL_THREADS keyword sets the 
   MULTIPLE_KERNEL_THREADS bit in the image header of the image being 
   built.  This bit indicates to the image activator that the image 
   can be run in a multiple kernel threads environment.

   If you specify this keyword for OpenVMS VAX links, it is ignored.

   The UPCALLS keyword sets the UPCALLS bit in the OpenVMS image 
   header of the image being built. This bit indicates to the image
   activator that the process can receive upcalls from the OpenVMS
   scheduler.



/TRACEBACK

      /TRACEBACK (default)
      /NOTRACEBACK

   Directs the linker to include traceback information in the image
   file. If you specify the /DEBUG qualifier, the linker includes
   traceback information by default, overriding the /NOTRACEBACK
   qualifier if it is specified.
 

/USERLIBRARY

      /USERLIBRARY[=(table[,...])]
      /USERLIBRARY=ALL (default)
      /NOUSERLIBRARY

   Directs the linker to process one or more default user libraries
   to resolve symbolic references that remain undefined after all
   specified input files have been processed.

   Table specifies the logical name tables that the linker searches 
   for default user libraries. The following keywords are the only
   acceptable parameter values:

   Keyword   Description

   ALL       Directs the linker to search the process, group, and
             system logical name tables for default user library
             definitions. This is the default.
   GROUP     Directs the linker to search the group logical name
             table for default user library definitions.
   NONE      Directs the linker not to search any logical name
             table; the /USERLIBRARY=NONE qualifier is equivalent
             to the /NOUSERLIBRARY qualifier.
   PROCESS   Directs the linker to search the process logical name
             table for default user library definitions.
   SYSTEM    Directs the linker to search the system logical name
             table for default user library definitions.
 

/VAX

   Directs the linker to produce an OpenVMS VAX image. The default
   action, when neither /ALPHA nor /VAX is specified, is to create
   an OpenVMS VAX image on an OpenVMS VAX system and to create an
   OpenVMS Alpha image on an OpenVMS Alpha system.
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