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1  TYPE
   Displays the contents of a file or group of files on the current
   output device.

   Format

     TYPE  filespec[,...]
 

2  Parameter
 

filespec[,...]

   Specifies one or more files to be displayed. If you specify a
   file name and not a file type, the file type defaults to .LIS.
   However, you can specify a different default file type with the
   TYPE$DEFAULT_FILESPEC logical name. The TYPE command displays all
   files that satisfy the file description.

   The asterisk (*)  and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters
   are allowed in place of the directory name, file name, file type,
   or file version number field. If you specify more than one file,
   separate the file specifications with commas (,)  or plus signs
   (+).  The files are displayed in the order listed.
 

2  Qualifiers
 

/BACKUP

   Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the
   /SINCE qualifier. The /BACKUP qualifier selects files according
   to the dates of their most recent backups. This qualifier
   is incompatible with the /CREATED, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED
   qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
   to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
   qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
 

/BEFORE

      /BEFORE[=time]

   Selects only those files dated prior to the specified time. You
   can specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute
   and delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT,
   LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of
   the following qualifiers with the /BEFORE qualifier to indicate
   the time attribute to be used as the basis for selection:
   /BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.

   For complete information on specifying time values, see the
   OpenVMS User's Manual or the topic SPECIFY Date_Time in online
   help.
 

/BY_OWNER

      /BY_OWNER[=uic]

   Selects only those files whose owner user identification code
   (UIC) matches the specified owner UIC. The default UIC is that of
   the current process.

   Specify the UIC by using standard UIC format as described in the
   OpenVMS Guide to System Security.
 

/CONFIRM

      /CONFIRM
      /NOCONFIRM (default)

   Controls whether a request is issued before each typing operation
   to confirm that the operation should be performed on that file.
   The following responses are valid:

   YES      NO       QUIT
   TRUE     FALSE    Ctrl/Z
   1        0        ALL
            <Return>

   You can use any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters
   for word responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to one or
   more letters (for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE), but these
   abbreviations must be unique. Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE,
   and 1. Negative answers include: NO, FALSE, 0, and pressing
   the Return key. Entering QUIT or pressing Ctrl/Z indicates that
   you want to stop processing the command at that point. When you
   respond by entering ALL, the command continues to process, but no
   further prompts are given. If you type a response other than one
   of those in the list, DCL issues an error message and redisplays
   the prompt.
 

/CONTINUOUS

      /CONTINUOUS/INTERVAL=n

   Upon reaching the end of a file, TYPE waits a specified number
   of seconds (the default is 30) then displays any records which
   have been added to the file and returns to the wait state. TYPE
   continues until either Ctrl/C or Ctrl/Y is entered by the user.
 

/CREATED

      /CREATED (default)

   Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
   qualifier. The /CREATED qualifier selects files based on their
   dates of creation. This qualifier is incompatible with the
   /BACKUP, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow
   you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify
   none of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED
   qualifier.
 

/EXACT

   Use with the /PAGE=SAVE and /SEARCH qualifiers to specify a
   search string that must match the search string exactly and must
   be enclosed with quotation marks (" ").

   If you specify the /EXACT qualifier without the /SEARCH
   qualifier, exact search mode is enabled when you set the search
   string with the Find (E1) key.
 

/EXCLUDE

      /EXCLUDE=(filespec[,...])

   Excludes the specified files from the type operation. You can
   include a directory but not a device in the file specification.
   The asterisk (*)  and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters
   are allowed in the file specification. However, you cannot use
   relative version numbers to exclude a specific version. If you
   specify only one file, you can omit the parentheses.
 

/EXPIRED

   Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the
   /SINCE qualifier. The /EXPIRED qualifier selects files according
   to their expiration dates. (The expiration date is set with
   the SET FILE/EXPIRATION_DATE command.) The /EXPIRED qualifier
   is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /MODIFIED
   qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
   to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
   qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
 

/HEADER

      /HEADER
      /NOHEADER

   Specifies whether a header line is placed at the top of each file
   that is displayed with the TYPE /PAGE=SAVE command.
 

/HIGHLIGHT

      /HIGHLIGHT[=keyword]
      /NOHIGHLIGHT (default)

   Use with the /PAGE=SAVE and /SEARCH qualifiers to specify the
   type of highlighting you want when a search string is found. When
   a string is found, the entire line is highlighted. You can use
   the following keywords: BOLD, BLINK, REVERSE, and UNDERLINE. BOLD
   is the default highlighting.
 

/MODIFIED

   Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
   qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to
   the dates on which they were last modified. This qualifier
   is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED
   qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
   to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
   modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
 

/OUTPUT

      /OUTPUT[=filespec]
      /NOOUTPUT

   Controls where the output of the command is sent. If you
   specify the /OUTPUT=filespec qualifier, the output is sent to
   the specified file, rather than to the current output device,
   SYS$OUTPUT. If you do not enter the qualifier, or if you enter
   the /OUTPUT qualifier without a file specification, the output is
   sent to SYS$OUTPUT.

   If you enter the /OUTPUT qualifier with a partial file
   specification (for example, /OUTPUT=[JONES]), TYPE is the default
   file name and .LIS the default file type. The file specification
   cannot include the asterisk (*)  and the percent sign (%)
   wildcard characters.

   If you enter the /NOOUTPUT qualifier, output is suppressed.

   The /OUTPUT qualifier is incompatible with the /PAGE qualifier.
 

/PAGE

      /PAGE[=keyword]
      /NOPAGE (default)

   Controls the display of information on the screen.

   You can use the following keywords with the /PAGE qualifier:

   CLEAR_SCREEN   Clears the screen before each page is displayed.

   SCROLL         Displays information one line at a time.

   SAVE[=n]       Enables screen navigation of information, where n
                  is the number of pages to store.

   The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier allows you to navigate through screens
   of information. The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier stores up to 5 screens
   of up to 255 columns of information. When you use the /PAGE=SAVE
   qualifier, you can use the following keys to navigate through the
   information:

   Key Sequence              Description

   Up arrow (^  ), Ctrl/B    Scroll up one line.
   Down arrow (v  )          Scroll down one line.
   Left arrow (< - )         Scroll left one column.
   Right arrow (- > )        Scroll right one column.
   Find (E1)                 Specify a string to find when the
                             information is displayed.
   Insert Here (E2)          Scroll right one half screen.
   Remove (E3)               Scroll left one half screen.
   Select (E4)               Toggle 80/132 column mode.
   Prev Screen (E5)          Get the previous page of information.
   Next Screen (E6),         Get the next page of information.
   Return, Enter, Space
   F10, Ctrl/Z               Exit. (Some utilities define these
                             differently.)
   Help (F15)                Display utility help text.
   Do (F16)                  Toggle the display to oldest/newest
                             page.
   Ctrl/W                    Refresh the display.
   N                         Display the next file (when more than
                             one file is specified with the TYPE
                             command)
   Q                         Quit displaying output from the TYPE
                             command.

   The /PAGE qualifier is not compatible with the /OUTPUT qualifier.
 

/SEARCH

      /SEARCH="string"

   Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to specify a string that you
   want to find in the information being displayed. Quotation marks
   are required for the /SEARCH qualifier, if you include spaces in
   the text string.

   You can also dynamically change the search string by pressing the
   Find key (E1) while the information is being displayed. Quotation
   marks are not required for a dynamic search.
 

/SINCE

      /SINCE[=time]

   Selects only those files dated after the specified time. You can
   specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and
   delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN,
   TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the
   following qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate the
   time attribute to be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP,
   /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.

   For complete information on specifying time values, see the
   OpenVMS User's Manual or the topic SPECIFY Date_Time in online
   help.
 

/TAIL

      /TAIL[=n]

   Displays the last several lines of a log file. The value, n,
   defaults to p-2 where p is the current terminal page length. You
   can use TYPE/TAIL only if all of the following criteria are true:

   o  file organization is sequential

   o  the longest record is less than 512 bytes

   o  the record format is either VAR, VFC, STM, STRCM or STMLF
      (for more information, see the description of FAB$B_RFM in the
      OpenVMS Record Management Services Reference Manual)

   o  The file being typed is on a device that supports random
      access. The TYPE/TAIL command does not work on magnetic tape
      drives.

   Even with this criteria, some file conditions cannot be
   anticipated and may not allow display of the last several lines
   of a log file, resulting in the following error message:

   %TYPE-W-READERR, error reading DEVICE:[DIRECTORY]FILE.EXT;1
   -SYSTEM-E-UNSUPPORTED, unsupported operation or function
 

/WRAP

      /WRAP
      /NOWRAP (default)

   Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to limit the number of columns
   to the width of the screen and to wrap lines that extend beyond
   the width of the screen to the next line.

   The /NOWRAP qualifier extends lines beyond the width of the
   screen and can be seen when you use the scrolling (left and
   right) features provided by the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier.
 

2  Examples

   1.$ TYPE  COMMON.DAT

     In this example, the TYPE command requests that the file
     COMMON.DAT be displayed at the terminal.
 


   2.$ TYPE *.DAT
     This is the first line in the file AA.DAT.
        .
        .
        .
<Ctrl/O>

     This is the first line in the file BB.DAT.
        .
        .
        .

<Ctrl/Y>

     Interrupt
     $ STOP

     In this example, the TYPE command contains an asterisk (*)
     wildcard character in place of the file name. All files with
     file types of DAT are scheduled for display. When Ctrl/O is
     pressed, output of the current file stops and the TYPE command
     begins displaying the next file. The Ctrl/Y function interrupts
     the command; the STOP command terminates the TYPE command.

   3.$ TYPE LETTER*.MEM
     December 14, 1994
        .
        .
        .

<Ctrl/Y>

     Interrupt
     $ SHOW TIME
      14-DEC-1994 15:48:07
     $ CONTINUE
     Sincerely yours,
        .
        .
        .

     In this example, the TYPE command displays all files whose
     names begin with the word LETTER and have the file type MEM.
     While the files are being displayed, the user presses Ctrl/Y
     to interrupt the TYPE operation and to display the time. After
     entering the SHOW TIME command, the user enters the CONTINUE
     command to resume the TYPE operation.

   4.$ TYPE/OUTPUT=SAVETEXT.TXT *.TXT

     In this example, the TYPE command writes all TXT files in your
     default directory to a file called SAVETEXT.TXT (also in your
     default directory).

   5.$ TYPE MEXICO::NOTICE.TEXT/OUTPUT=TEMP.TEXT

     In this example, the TYPE command requests that the file
     NOTICE.TEXT at remote node MEXICO be written to the output
     file TEMP.TEXT on the local node, rather than to SYS$OUTPUT.

   6.$ TYPE SECSYS"FILES OFFICEFIL"::"TASK=SHOWUSERS"

             VAX/VMS Interactive Users
                14-DEC-1994 17:20:13.30
         Total number of interactive users = 5
      Username     Process Name      PID     Terminal
      MIRANDA      Sec1           00536278   TXA1:
      JESSICA      Sec2           00892674   VTA2:
      EMILY        Sec3           00847326   TXA3:
      ANDREW       Sec4           02643859   RTA1:
      MARK         System Mangr   00007362   VTA1:

     In this example, the TYPE command executes the command
     procedure SHOWUSERS.COM found in the SYS$LOGIN directory of
     user FILES on remote node SECSSYS. The output of the TYPE
     command then is displayed at the local node.
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