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1  RUN
   Executes an image within the context of your process (see Image).

   Creates a subprocess or a detached process to run an image and
   deletes the process when the image completes execution (see
   Process).
 

2  Image

   Executes an image within the context of your process. You can
   abbreviate the RUN command to a single letter, R.

   If you specify an image name in the command line with an explicit
   version number (or a semicolon), the image runs with current
   process privileges. If you do not specify an explicit version
   number (or semicolon), the image runs with any privileges with
   which it was installed. If you have DECnet software installed and
   want to execute an image over the network, you must have read (R)
   access to the file.

   Format

     RUN  filespec
 

3  Parameter
 

filespec

   Specifies an executable image to be executed. The file type
   defaults to .EXE. The asterisk (*)  and the percent sign (%)
   wildcard characters are not allowed.
 

3  Qualifier
 

/DEBUG

      /DEBUG
      /NODEBUG

   Executes the image under control of the debugger. The default
   is the /DEBUG qualifier if the image is linked with the /DEBUG
   qualifier and the /NODEBUG qualifier if the image is linked
   without the /DEBUG qualifier. The /DEBUG qualifier is invalid if
   the image is linked with the /NOTRACEBACK qualifier. The /NODEBUG
   qualifier overrides the effect of the LINK/DEBUG command. If
   the image was linked with the /TRACEBACK qualifier, traceback
   reporting is performed when an error occurs.

   If the image was not linked with the debugger, you can specify
   the /DEBUG qualifier to request the debugger at execution time.
   However, if the /NOTRACEBACK qualifier was specified when the
   image was linked, the /DEBUG qualifier is invalid.

   For a complete description of the OpenVMS Debugger, see the
   OpenVMS Debugger Manual.

   To get help on debugger commands from DCL level, type the
   following command:

   $ HELP/LIBRARY=SYS$HELP:DBG$HELP
 

3  Examples

   1.$ RUN LIBRA

     The image LIBRA.EXE starts executing in the process. If the
     image LIBRA has been installed with amplified privileges, it
     runs with those privileges because you have not explicitly
     specified a version number or a semicolon. Alternatively, the
     image LIBRA.EXE still runs with its amplified privileges, if
     you enter the RUN command as follows:

       $ RUN LIBRA.EXE

   2.$ MACRO/ENABLE=DEBUG ORION
     $ LINK/DEBUG ORION
     $ RUN ORION

          VAX DEBUG Version 5.4

     %DEBUG-I-INITIAL, language is MACRO, module set to 'ORION'
     DBG>
        .
        .
        .
     $ RUN/NODEBUG ORION

     A program is compiled, linked, and run with the debugger.
     Subsequently, a RUN/NODEBUG command requests that the debugger,
     which is present in the image, not issue a prompt. If an error
     occurs while the image executes, the debugger can perform
     traceback and report on the error.

   3.$ RUN AQUARIUS.EXE;1

     The image AQUARIUS.EXE starts executing in the process. If
     the image AQUARIUS.EXE has been installed with amplified
     privileges, it does not run with those privileges because you
     have specified a version number. Instead, the image runs with
     current process privileges only. When you specify a version
     number (or even just a semicolon), the image activator does not
     search its list of special images that have been installed with
     privileges. The process AQUARIUS still runs with only normal
     process privileges if you enter the RUN command as follows:

       $ RUN AQUARIUS.EXE;

     In this case, however, the highest version of the image
     AQUARIUS runs.
 

2  Process
   Creates a subprocess or a detached process to run an image
   and deletes the process when the image completes execution. A
   subprocess is created if any of the qualifiers except the /UIC
   or the /DETACHED qualifier is specified. A detached process is
   created if the /UIC or the /DETACHED qualifier is specified and
   you have the DETACH user privilege.

   Format

     RUN  filespec
 

3  Parameter
 

filespec

   Specifies the file name of an executable image to be executed in
   a separate process. The default file type is .EXE. The asterisk
   (*)  and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are not allowed
   in the file specification.
 

3  Qualifiers
 

/ACCOUNTING

      /ACCOUNTING (default)
      /NOACCOUNTING

   Requires ACNT (accounting) privilege to use the /NOACCOUNTING
   qualifier.

   The /NOACCOUNTING qualifier stops the current accounting file
   tracking the resources used by the created process.

   The /ACCOUNTING qualifier (the default) has no effect.
 

/AST_LIMIT

      /AST_LIMIT=quota

   Specifies the maximum number of asynchronous system traps (ASTs)
   that the created process can have outstanding.

   If you do specify an AST limit quota, the default quota
   established at system generation time is used. The minimum
   required for any process to execute is 2.

   The AST limit quota is nondeductible.
 

/AUTHORIZE

      /AUTHORIZE
      /NOAUTHORIZE (default)

   Requires DETACH privilege.

   When the image to be executed is the system login image
   (LOGINOUT.EXE), this qualifier searches the user authorization
   file (UAF) to validate a detached process. The /NOAUTHORIZE
   qualifier creates a detached process that runs under the control
   of the command interpreter.

   When you specify the /AUTHORIZE qualifier, quotas are derived
   from the user authorization file (UAF) record of the process'
   owner. Any qualifiers to the RUN command that specify other
   quotas are ignored in favor of the UAF quotas.

   When you specify the /NOAUTHORIZE qualifier, quotas are derived
   from the system parameters that set process quota default limits
   (parameters prefixed with PQL_D).

   Specify the /AUTHORIZE qualifier if you want the login image
   to check the UAF whenever a detached process is created. The
   process-permanent files specified by the /INPUT and /OUTPUT
   qualifiers are made available to the command interpreter for
   input and output.
 

/BUFFER_LIMIT

      /BUFFER_LIMIT=quota

   Specifies the maximum amount of memory, in bytes, that the
   process can use for buffered I/O operations or for temporary
   mailbox creation.

   If you do not specify a buffered I/O quota, the default value
   established at system generation time is used. The minimum amount
   required for any process to execute is 1024 bytes.

   The buffer limit quota is pooled.
 

/DELAY

      /DELAY=delta-time

   Places the created process in hibernation and awakens it after a
   specified time interval.

   Specify the delta time according to the rules for entering delta
   times given in the OpenVMS User's Manual or the topic SPECIFY
   Date_Time in online help.

   If you specify both the /DELAY and /INTERVAL qualifiers, the
   first wakeup request occurs at the time specified by the /DELAY
   qualifier. All subsequent wakeup requests occur at the interval
   specified by the /INTERVAL qualifier.
 

/DETACHED

      /DETACHED
      /NODETACHED

   Creates a detached process with the same user identification code
   (UIC) as the current process. (To create a detached process with
   a different UIC, use the /UIC qualifier.) By default, the created
   process is not a detached process.

   By default, resource quotas for the detached process are limited
   by the quotas of the creator process (maximum) and the system
   parameters PQL_M* (minimum). The DETACH or CMKRNL privilege
   allows you to specify any quotas for the detached process that
   exceed the normal range. Unless you have the DETACH or CMKRNL
   privilege, the maximum number of detached processes that you can
   create is limited to the quota defined by MAX_DETACH in your UAF.
 

/DUMP

      /DUMP
      /NODUMP (default)

   When an image terminates because of an unhandled error, the /DUMP
   qualifier causes the contents of the address space to be written
   to the file named image-name.DMP in the process's default device
   and directory. You can then use the Analyze/Process_Dump utility
   to analyze the dump.
 

/ENQUEUE_LIMIT

      /ENQUEUE_LIMIT=quota

   Specifies the maximum number of locks that a process can have
   outstanding at any one time.

   The default quota is that established at system generation time.
   The minimum required for any process to operate is 2.
 

/ERROR

      /ERROR=filespec

   Defines an equivalence name string of 1 to 63 alphanumeric
   characters for the logical device name SYS$ERROR. The logical
   name and equivalence name are placed in the process logical name
   table for the created process. (The /ERROR qualifier is ignored
   if you are running SYS$SYSTEM:LOGINOUT.)
 

/EXTENT

      /EXTENT=quota

   Specifies the maximum size to which the image being executed in
   the process can increase its physical memory size.

   The default quota is that established at system generation time.
   The minimum value required for any process to execute is 10
   pages.

   Specify the value of n as a number of 512-byte pagelets on
   Alpha or 512-byte pages on VAX. Note that the operating system
   rounds up this value to the nearest CPU-specific page so that
   actual amount of physical memory allowed may be larger than the
   specified amount on Alpha.

   The extent quota is nondeductible.
 

/FILE_LIMIT

      /FILE_LIMIT=quota

   Specifies the maximum number of files that a process can have
   open at any one time.

   The default quota is the quota established at system generation
   time. The minimum amount required for any process to execute is
   2.

   The file limit quota is pooled.
 

/INPUT

      /INPUT=filespec

   Defines an equivalence name string of 1 to 63 characters for
   SYS$INPUT. The logical name and equivalence name are placed in
   the process logical name table for the created process.
 

/INTERVAL

      /INTERVAL=delta-time

   Requests that the created process be placed in hibernation and be
   awakened at regularly scheduled intervals.

   Specify the delta time according to the rules given in the
   OpenVMS User's Manual or the topic SPECIFY Date_Time in online
   help.

   If you specify the /DELAY or the /SCHEDULE qualifier with the
   /INTERVAL qualifier, the first wakeup request occurs at the
   time specified by the /DELAY or the /SCHEDULE qualifier; all
   subsequent wakeup requests occur at intervals specified by the
   /INTERVAL qualifier. If you specify neither the /DELAY nor the
   /SCHEDULE qualifier with the /INTERVAL qualifier, the first
   wakeup request occurs immediately by default.
 

/IO_BUFFERED

      /IO_BUFFERED=quota

   Specifies the maximum number of system-buffered I/O operations
   that the created process can have outstanding at any one time.

   The default quota is the quota established at system generation
   time. The minimum required for any process to execute is 2.

   The buffered I/O quota is nondeductible.
 

/IO_DIRECT

      /IO_DIRECT=quota

   Specifies the maximum number of direct I/O operations that the
   created process can have outstanding at any one time.

   The default quota is the quota established at system generation
   time. The minimum required for any process to execute is 2.

   The direct I/O quota is nondeductible.
 

/JOB_TABLE_QUOTA

      /JOB_TABLE_QUOTA=quota

   Allows you to specify a quota for a detached process's jobwide
   logical name table.

   A value of 0 has a special meaning. It means that the table, for
   all practical purposes, has infinite quota because its quota is
   pooled with that of its parent table, the system directory table.

   Note that the /JOB_TABLE_QUOTA qualifier is relevant only
   for detached processes. If the /JOB_TABLE_QUOTA qualifier is
   specified in a RUN command that results in the creation of a
   subprocess, it is ignored.
 

/MAILBOX

      /MAILBOX=unit

   Specifies the unit number of a mailbox to receive a termination
   message when the created process is deleted. If no mailbox is
   specified, the creating process receives no notification when the
   subprocess or detached process has been deleted.
 

/MAXIMUM_WORKING_SET

      /MAXIMUM_WORKING_SET=quota

   Specifies the maximum size (up to 64K pages) to which the image
   being executed in the process can increase its working set size.
   An image can increase its working set size by calling the $ADJWSL
   (Adjust Working Set Limit) system service.

   The default quota is the quota established at system generation
   time. The minimum value required for any process to execute is 10
   pages.

   The maximum working set quota is nondeductible.
 

/ON

      /ON=node_name

   Specifies an OpenVMS Cluster node on which a detached process
   is to be created. Quotas are determined by comparing the values
   you specify with the RUN command with the quotas of the creator
   process (maximum) and the PQL_M* system parameters on the target
   node (minimum). To specify quotas outside that range, you must
   have DETACH or CMKRNL privilege. Omitted quota values default to
   the values of the PQL_D* system parameters on the target node.

   The qualifier value node_name is a 1- to 6-character string
   containing the SCS node name of the requested node.

   For example, to create a process named BAR on node FOO that runs
   MY_PROG.EXE, enter the following command:

   $ RUN $10$DKB100:[SMITH]MY_PROG.EXE /DETACH /ON="FOO"/PROCESS_NAME="BAR"

   Note that the disk containing the image must be mounted on the
   specified node. Because the disk might not be mounted on the node
   on which the command is entered, the RUN command processor does
   not check whether the image exists. Consequently, the command
   can complete without error even though the created process aborts
   immediately because the image file cannot be found.
 

/OUTPUT

      /OUTPUT=filespec

   Defines an equivalence name string of 1 to 63 characters for the
   logical device name SYS$OUTPUT. Both the equivalence name and the
   logical name are placed in the process logical name table for the
   created process.
 

/PAGE_FILE

      /PAGE_FILE=quota

   Specifies the maximum number of pages that can be allocated in
   the paging file for the process. The paging file quota is the
   amount of secondary storage available during execution of the
   image.

   The default quota is the quota established at system generation
   time. The minimum value required for a process to execute is 256
   pages. The paging file quota is pooled.
 

/PRIORITY

      /PRIORITY=n

   Requires ALTPRI (alter priority) privilege to set the priority
   higher than your current process.

   Specifies the base priority at which the created process
   executes.

   On Alpha, the value of parameter n is a decimal 0 to 63, where 63
   is the highest priority and zero is the lowest. Normal priorities
   range from 0 to 15; real-time priorities range from 16 to 63.

   On VAX, the value of parameter n is a decimal 0 to 31, where 31
   is the highest priority and zero is the lowest. Normal priorities
   range from 0 to 15; real-time priorities range from 16 to 31.

   The default priority is that of the current process.
 

/PRIVILEGES

      /PRIVILEGES=(privilege[,...])

   Requires SETPRV (set privilege) privilege to specify privileges
   that you do not have.

   Defines user privileges for the created process. You can extend
   any privilege you possess to a process you create. By default,
   the created process has the same privileges as its creator. If
   you specify only one privilege, you can omit the parentheses.

   For a list of process privileges, see the OpenVMS Guide to System
   Security.

   You can also use the keyword NOSAME as the privilege parameter.
   If you specify /PRIVILEGES=NOSAME, the created process has no
   privileges.
 

/PROCESS_NAME

      /PROCESS_NAME=process-name

   Specifies a name of 1 to 15 characters for the created process.
   The process name is implicitly qualified by the group number of
   the process's user identification code (UIC). By default, the
   name is null.
 

/QUEUE_LIMIT

      /QUEUE_LIMIT=quota

   Specifies the maximum number of timer queue entries that the
   created process can have outstanding at any one time. This number
   includes timer requests and scheduled wakeup requests.

   The default quota is the quota established at system generation
   time. A process does not require any timer queue quota in order
   to execute.

   The timer queue entry quota is pooled.
 

/RESOURCE_WAIT

      /RESOURCE_WAIT (default)
      /NORESOURCE_WAIT

   Places the created process in a wait state when a resource
   required for a particular function is not available.

   If you specify the /NORESOURCE_WAIT qualifier, the process
   receives an error status code when a resource is unavailable.
 

/SCHEDULE

      /SCHEDULE=absolute-time

   Places the created process in hibernation and awakens it at the
   specified time.

   Specify the absolute time value according to the rules for
   entering absolute time values given in the OpenVMS User's Manual
   or the topic SELECT DATE_TIME in online help.
 

/SERVICE_FAILURE

      /SERVICE_FAILURE
      /NOSERVICE_FAILURE (default)

   Enables or disables an exception condition notification if an
   error occurs during a system service request. By default, an
   error status code is returned to the process.

   If you specify the /SERVICE_FAILURE qualifier and an error
   occurs during a system service request, the process encounters
   an exception condition.
 

/SUBPROCESS_LIMIT

      /SUBPROCESS_LIMIT=quota

   Specifies the maximum number of subprocesses that the created
   process is allowed to create.

   The default quota is the quota established at system generation
   time. A process does not require any subprocess quota in order to
   execute.

   The subprocess limit quota is pooled.
 

/SWAPPING

      /SWAPPING (default)
      /NOSWAPPING

   Requires PSWAPM (process swap mode) privilege to inhibit process
   swapping.

   Permits the process to be swapped. The default allows a process
   to be swapped from the balance set in physical memory to allow
   other processes to execute.

   With /NOSWAPPING in effect, the process is not swapped out of the
   balance set when it is in a wait state. By default, a process may
   be swapped out of the balance set whenever it is in a wait state.
 

/TIME_LIMIT

      /TIME_LIMIT=limit

   Specifies the maximum amount of CPU time (in delta time) a
   created process can use. CPU time is allocated to the created
   process in units of 10 milliseconds. When it has exhausted its
   CPU time limit quota, the created process is deleted.

   If this quota is not specified and the created process is a
   detached process, the detached process receives a default value
   of zero, that is, unlimited CPU time.

   If this quota is not specified and the created process is a
   subprocess, the subprocess receives half the CPU time limit quota
   of the creating process.

   If this quota is specified as zero, the created process has
   unlimited CPU time providing that the creating process also has
   unlimited CPU time. If, however, the creating process does not
   have unlimited CPU time, the created process receives half the
   CPU time limit quota of the creating process.

   The CPU time limit quota is a consumable quota; that is, the
   amount of CPU time used by the created process is not returned to
   the creating process when the created process is deleted.

   If you restrict CPU time for a process, specify the time limit
   according to the rules for specifying delta time values, as given
   in the OpenVMS User's Manual or the topic SPECIFY Date_Time in
   online help.
 

/TRUSTED

   Specifies that the created process is part of the Trusted
   Computing Base (TCB) and performs its own auditing. The /DETACH
   qualifier is required as well as the DETACH privilege.
 

/UIC

      /UIC=uic

   Specifies that the created process be a detached process and
   assigns it a user identification code (UIC). Specify the UIC by
   using standard UIC format as described in the OpenVMS Guide to
   System Security.
 

/WORKING_SET

      /WORKING_SET=default

   Specifies the number of pages in the working set of the created
   process.

   The default working set size is the size established at system
   generation time. The minimum number of pages required for a
   process to execute is 10 pages. The value specified cannot be
   greater than the quota specified with /MAXIMUM_WORKING_SET.

   The maximum working set quota is nondeductible.
 

3  Examples

   1.$ RUN/PROCESS_NAME=SUBA   SCANLINE
     %RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 00010044.

     In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named
     SUBA to run the image SCANLINE.EXE. The system gives the
     subprocess an identification number of 00010044.

   2.$ RUN/DELAY=3:30/OUTPUT=BALANCE.OUT BALANCE

     In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess to run
     the image BALANCE.EXE 3 hours and 30 minutes from now; output
     is written to the file BALANCE.OUT.

   3.$ RUN/INTERVAL=1:40/PROCESS_NAME=STAT   STATCHK
     %RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 00050023
        .
        .
        .
     $ CANCEL STAT

     In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named
     STAT to execute the image STATCHK.EXE. The process is scheduled
     to execute the image at intervals of 1 hour and 40 minutes.
     The process hibernates; however, because neither the /DELAY nor
     the /SCHEDULE qualifier is specified, the first wakeup request
     occurs immediately.

     The CANCEL command subsequently cancels the wakeup requests
     posted by the /INTERVAL qualifier. If the process is currently
     executing the image, it completes the execution and hibernates.

   4.$ RUN/PROCESS_NAME=LYRA  LYRA -
     _$/OUTPUT=_TTB3: -
     _$/ERROR=_TTB3:
     %RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 000A002F

     In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named
     LYRA to execute the image LYRA.EXE. The /OUTPUT and /ERROR
     qualifiers assign equivalences to the logical names SYS$OUTPUT
     and SYS$ERROR for the subprocess. Any messages the subprocess
     writes to its default output devices are displayed on the
     terminal TTB3.

   5.$ RUN/UIC=[100,4]/PRIVILEGES=(SAME,NOPSWAPM) -
     _$/NORESOURCE_WAIT   OVERSEER
     %RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 0001002C

     In this example, the RUN command creates a detached process
     to execute under the UIC [100,4]. The image OVERSEER.EXE is
     executed. The RUN command gives the process all the privileges
     of the current process, except the ability to alter its swap
     mode. The /NORESOURCE_WAIT qualifier disables resource wait
     mode for the process.

   6.$ DEFINE/GROUP  TEST [MALCOLM.TESTFILES]
     $ RUN/PROCESS=SUB  WATCH -
     _$/INPUT=TEST:OUT1 -
     _$/OUTPUT=F$LOGICAL("SYS$OUTPUT")
     %RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 0001002E

     In this example, the DEFINE command creates an entry in the
     group logical name table for the logical name TEST. The RUN
     command creates a subprocess to execute the image WATCH.EXE.

     The /INPUT qualifier defines SYS$INPUT for the subprocesses.
     The logical name TEST defines the directory for the file
     OUT1.DAT. Because the logical name TEST is in the group logical
     name table, the logical name can be translated and referred to
     by the image WATCH.EXE.

     The /OUTPUT qualifier uses the lexical function F$LOGICAL to
     translate the logical name of the current process's SYS$OUTPUT
     device. The equivalence name string is equated to the device
     SYS$OUTPUT for the subprocess.
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